Introduction:

In India, T2DM is diagnosed at a younger age, with central obesity and high complication risks. This study assessed risk factors and clinical features in newly diagnosed T2DM patients to inform clinicians about emerging presentations.

Methods:

• Design: Retrospective data analysis
• Setting: Tertiary care centre (2022–2023)
• Population: 328 newly diagnosed T2DM patients (<1-year duration)
  1. Group A: Age 20–45 years (n=155, 48%)
  2. Group B: Age >45 years (n=173, 52%)
• Data collected: History, symptoms, anthropometry, vasculopathy screening, associated disorders

Results:

Demographics:

• 69% male
• Mean age of onset: 46.9 ± 11 years
• Positive family history: 52% (maternal: 33.6%, paternal: 28.2%, both parents: 24.5%, siblings: 13.6%)

Anthropometry & Labs:

1. Mean BMI: 26.9 ± 4.2 kg/m²
2. Mean HbA1c: 8.8 ± 2.35%
3. Fasting glucose: 168 ± 69 mg%
4. 2-hr post-meal glucose: 256 ± 99 mg%
5. Mean LDL-c: 105 ± 37 mg%
6. Mean HDL-c: 42 ± 14 mg%
7. Mean triglycerides: 209 ± 121 mg%
8. Mean eGFR: 100 ± 19 ml/min/1.73m²

Symptoms & Complications:

1. Weight loss >5 kg: Group A – 5%, Group B – 38% (p<0.001)
2. Hypertension: overall 30.8%; Group A – 17%, Group B – 43% (p<0.001)
3. Neuropathy: Group A – 11.1%, Group B – 26% (p<0.001)
4. CAD: 1.5%
5. Diabetic retinopathy: 2.6%

Conclusion:

Nearly half of new-onset T2DM cases in India occur before age 45. Family history, especially maternal, is a strong risk factor. Obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and neuropathy are common at diagnosis, underscoring the need for early screening and intervention in young adults.

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